| In 383 AD, King Fu Jian of the state of Qianqin in North
China led an army of 870,000 men to invade the Eastern
Jin (317-420). Emperor Xiaowu ordered three generals,
Xie Shi, Xu Yan and Xie Xuan, to lead 80,000 warriors
to resist the invaders.
In November, the enemy reached the Fei River in Eastern
Jin and began to set up defenses at the riverside. Across
the river was Eastern Jin's troop. As there was a great
disparity of strength, Xie and his comrades in arms
had hardly any hope of victory if they started a face-to-face
battle. Then they had an idea. They sent a herald to
take a message to Fu Rong, the king's major general,
"You are setting up defenses along the river, so
it is quite obvious that you are planning for a long
war. But as you are far from your country and supplies
cannot be timely guaranteed, you are no doubt putting
yourselves in a very disadvantageous situation. Why
don't you let your troop retreat a few hundred yards
so that we can cross the river to fight a decisive battle
with you?"
This message was taken to King Fu Jian. He laughed and
said, "How silly those generals are! How dare they
wade across the river to fight against a troop of 870,000
men! They surely overrate themselves. Let's retreat
so that they can come across. But we will return and
wipe them out when they are in the middle of the river."
The retreat started. In a few seconds, there suddenly
came a roaring cry from behind, "The king is defeated!"
As the purpose of the action had not been properly declared,
many men mistakenly believed that they were truly defeated.
Therefore, they ran faster until the whole troop became
beyond control. The Jin's troop immediately crossed
the river and attacked the enemy from behind. General
Fu Rong attempted to give a counterattack, but it was
too late. His troop was already in a thorough confusion
and no one would hear his order. This invading Titanic
was at last sunk by a much smaller group of fighters.
King Fu Jian's mistake lies in the fact that he only
knew that an army in water is easy to defeat. Yet, he
should have also known that when two armies confront
each other, the one who first retreats tends to lose.
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